carbon steel material properties data sheet, carbon steel material code, carbon steel material grades
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AISI 12L14 Steel, cold drawn, 19-38 mm round
COMPONENT | WT. % |
C | Max 0.15 |
Fe | 97.91 - 98.7 |
Mn | 0.85 - 1.15 |
P | 0.04 - 0.09 |
Pb | 0.15 - 0.35 |
S | 0.26 - 0.35 |
| PHYSICAL PROPERTIES | METRIC | ENGLISH | COMMENTS |
| Density | 7.87 g/cc | 0.284 lb/in³ | Typical for steel |
| MECHANICAL PROPERTIES | METRIC | ENGLISH | COMMENTS |
| Hardness, Brinell | 163 | 163 | |
| Hardness, Knoop | 184 | 184 | Converted from Brinell hardness |
| Hardness, Rockwell B | 84 | 84 | Converted from Brinell hardness |
| Hardness, Vickers | 170 | 170 | Converted from Brinell hardness |
| Tensile Strength, Ultimate | 540 MPa | 78300 psi | |
| Tensile Strength, Yield | 415 MPa | 60200 psi | |
| Elongation at Break | 10% | 10% | |
| Reduction of Area | 35% | 35% | |
| Modulus of Elasticity | 200 GPa | 29000 ksi | Typical for Steel |
| Bulk Modulus | 140 GPa | 20300 ksi | Typical for Steel |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.29 | 0.29 | Typical for Steel |
| Machinability | 160% | 160% | Based on 100% machinability for AISI 1212 steel |
| Shear Modulus | 80 GPa | 11600 ksi | Typical for Steel |
| ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES | METRIC | ENGLISH | COMMENTS |
| Electrical Resistivity | 1.74e-005 ohm-cm | 1.74e-005 ohm-cm | Typical for steel |
Carbon Steel ASTM Standards
A266/A266M Specification for Carbon Steel Forgings for Pressure Vessel Components
A675/A675M Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon, Hot-Wrought, Special Quality, Mechanical Properties
A696 Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon, Hot-Wrought or Cold-Finished, Special Quality, for Pressure Piping Components
A788/A788M Specification for Steel Forgings, General Requirements
A961/A961M Specification for Common Requirements for Steel Flanges, Forged Fittings, Valves, and Parts for Piping Applications
Carbon Steel ASME Standards
B16.10 Face-to-Face and End-to-End Dimensions of Ferrous ValvesB16.11 Forged Steel Fittings, Socket Weld, and ThreadedB16.34 Valves-Flanged, Threaded and Welding EndB16.47 Large Diameter Steel FlangesB16.5 Dimensional Standards for Steel Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME International Headquarters, Two Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, B16.9 Wrought Steel Buttwelding FittingsCarbon Steel ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code
Section IXCarbon Steel API Standards
API-600 Flanged and Butt-Welding-End Steel Gate Valves Available from American Petroleum Institute (API), 1220 L. St., NW, Washington, DC 20005-4070, API-602 Compact Design Carbon Steel Gate Valves for Refinery UseKeywords
Boilers And Pressure Vessels - Carbon Steel - Flanges - Forgings - High-Temperature Service Applications - High-Temperature Services - Pipe Fittings - Pipes And Fittings - Pressure Vessels - Pressure-Containing Parts - Steel Forgings - Steel Pipes - Tubular Products - Valves
Carbon steel is an alloy consisting of iron and carbon. Several other elements are allowed in carbon steel, with low maximum percentages. These elements are manganese, with a 1.65% maximum, silicon, with a 0.60% maximum, and copper, with a 0.60% maximum. Other elements may be present in quantities too small to affect its properties.
There are four types of carbon steel based on the amount of carbon present in the alloy. Lower carbon steels are softer and more easily formed, and steels with a higher carbon content are harder and stronger, but less ductile, and they become more difficult to machine and weld. Below are the properties of the grades of carbon steel we supply:
Low carbon steels generally contain less than 0.25% carbon and cannot be strengthened by heat-treating (strengthening can only be accomplished through cold working). The low carbon material is relatively soft and weak, but has outstanding ductility and toughness. In addition, it is machineable, weld-able, and is relatively inexpensive to produce.
Medium carbon steels have carbon concentrations between 0.25% and 0.60%. These steels may be heat-treated by austenizing, quenching, and then tempering to improve their mechanical properties. On a strength-to-cost basis, the heat-treated medium carbon steels provide tremendous load carrying ability.
An iron-based mixture is considered to be an alloy steel when manganese is greater than 1.65%, silicon over 0.5%, copper above 0.6%, or other minimum quantities of alloying elements such as chromium, nickel, molybdenum, vanadium, or tungsten are present. An enormous variety of distinct properties can be created for the steel by substituting these elements in the recipe to increase hardness, strength, or chemical resistance.
Alloy | UNS Designation | Principal Design Features | Applications |
|---|---|---|---|
1010 | G10100 | 1010 is a plain carbon steel with a nominal 0.10% carbon content. It is a relatively low strength steel, but it may be quenched and tempered for increased strength. | Used for applications such as cold headed fasteners and bolts. |
1018 | G10180 | 1018 is among the most available grades in the world. Despite its unimpressive mechanical properties, the alloy is easily formed, machined, welded, and fabricated. Due to its higher manganese content, it can, in thin sections, be hardened to RC 42. | Often employed in high volume screw machine parts applications, such as shafts, spindles, pins, rods, sprocket assemblies, and an incredibly wide variety of component parts. |
1020 | G10200 | 1020 is a commonly used plain carbon steel. It has a nominal carbon content of 0.20% with approximately 0.50% manganese. It has a good combination of strength and ductility and may be hardened and carburized. | Used for simple structural applications such as cold formed fasteners and bolts. It is often used in the case hardened condition. |
1022 | G10220 | 1022 has a slightly higher carbon and manganese content plain carbon steel than 1020. It is used for its somewhat greater strength while still having good ductility. | Used for moderate strength structural applications such as cold formed fasteners and bolts. It is often used in the case hardened condition. |
Alloy | UNS Designation | Principal Design Features | Applications |
|---|---|---|---|
1030 | G10300 | 1030 is a higher carbon (0.30%) manganese steel in the plain carbon steel alloy family. It provides greater strength than the lower grades while still retaining reasonable ductility. | Generally used in the quenched and tempered condition for strength. Applications include machinery parts where strength and hardness are requisite. |
1040 | G10400 | 1040 has a higher (0.40%) carbon content for greater strength than the lower carbon alloys. It is hardenable by heat treatment, quench and tempering to develop 150 to 250 ksi tensile strength. | Used for crankshafts, couplings, and cold headed parts. |
1045 | G10450 | 1045 is a medium carbon steel used when greater strength and hardness is desired than in the rolled condition. | Used in gears, shafts, axles, bolts, studs, and machine parts. |
1060 | G10600 | 1060 is one of the higher carbon content (0.60%) steels. It is more difficult to fabricate than the lower carbon grades. | Used for hand tools such as screwdrivers, pliers, and similar items. |
Alloy | UNS Designation | Principal Design Features | Applications |
|---|---|---|---|
4130 | G41300 | 4130 is a low alloy steel containing molybdenum and chromium as strengthening agents. The carbon content is nominally 0.30%, and with this relatively low carbon content, the alloy is excellent from the fusion weldability standpoint. The alloy can be hardened by heat treatment. | Used in structural applications such as aircraft engine mounts and welded tubing applications. |
4140 | G41400 | 4140 is one of the chromium, molybdenum, manganese alloy steels noted for toughness, good torsional strength, and good fatigue strength. | Used in a tremendous variety of applications. |
4330 | G43300 | 4330 is a heat treatable steel alloy containing chromium, nickel, and molybdenum. Carbon content is in the 0.30% range and, in the heat treated condition, the alloy has good toughness and fatigue strength as well as overall strength. | Used in applications that require a good combination of strength and impact resistance, such as gears, aircraft landing gear axles, and shafts for power transmissions. |
4340 | G43400 | 4340 is a heat treatable, low alloy steel containing nickel, chromium, and molybdenum. It is known for its toughness and capability of developing high strength in the heat treated condition, while retaining good fatigue strength. | Typically used for aircraft landing gear, power transmission gears and shafts, and other structural parts. |
| Alloy | UNS Designation | C (max) | Mn (max) | P (max) | S (max) | Si | Cr | Ni | Mo | Other Elements |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1010 | G10100 | 0.08-0.13% | 0.30-0.60% | 0.04% | 0.05% | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1018 | G10180 | 0.14-0.20% | 0.60-0.90% | 0.04% | 0.05% | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1020 | G10200 | 0.17-0.23% | 0.30-0.60% | 0.04% | 0.05% | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1022 | G10220 | 0.17-0.23% | 0.70-1.00% | 0.04% | 0.05% | - | - | - | - | - |
| Alloy | UNS Designation | C (max) | Mn (max) | P (max) | S (max) | Si | Cr | Ni | Mo | Other Elements |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1010 | G10100 | 0.08-0.13% | 0.30-0.60% | 0.04% | 0.05% | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1018 | G10180 | 0.14-0.20% | 0.60-0.90% | 0.04% | 0.05% | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1020 | G10200 | 0.17-0.23% | 0.30-0.60% | 0.04% | 0.05% | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1022 | G10220 | 0.17-0.23% | 0.70-1.00% | 0.04% | 0.05% | - | - | - | - | - |
| Alloy | UNS Designation | C (max) | Mn (max) | P (max) | S (max) | Si | Cr | Ni | Cu | Other Elements |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 405 | S40500 | 0.08% | 1% | 0.04% | 0.03% | 1% | 11.5-14.5% | — | — | 1-3% Aluminum |
| 430 | S43000 | 0.12% | 1% | 0.04% | 0.03% | 1% | 16-18% | — | — | — |
Low carbon steels are relatively soft and weak, but have outstanding ductility and toughness. In addition, they are machinable, weldable, and are relatively inexpensive to produce.
| Alloy | UNS Designation | Typical Mechanical Properties | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tensile (ksi) | Yield (ksi) | Elongation (% in 2″) | Reduction of Area (%) | Brinell Hardness | ||
| 1010 | G10100 | 53 | 44 | 20 | 40 | 105 |
| 1018 | G10180 | 64 | 54 | 15 | 40 | 126 |
| 1020 | G10200 | 64 | 54 | 24 | 54 | 126 |
| 1022 | G10220 | 69 | 58 | 15 | 40 | 137 |
Medium carbon steels may be heat-treated by austenizing, quenching, and then tempering to improve their mechanical properties. On a strength-to-cost basis, the heat-treated medium carbon steels provide tremendous load carrying ability.
| Alloy | UNS Designation | Typical Mechanical Properties | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tensile (ksi) | Yield (ksi) | Elongation (% in 2″) | Reduction of Area (%) | Brinell Hardness | ||
| 1030 | G10300 | 76 | 64 | 12 | 35 | 149 |
| 1040 | G10400 | 90 | 80 | 12 | 35 | 170 |
| 1045 | G10450 | 91 | 77 | 12 | 35 | 179 |
| 1060 | G10600 | 118 | 70 | 17 | 34 | 241 |
An enormous variety of distinct properties can be created for alloy steel by substituting the chemical elements in the recipe to increase hardness, strength, or chemical resistance.
| Alloy | UNS Designation | Typical Mechanical Properties | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tensile (ksi) | Yield (ksi) | Elongation (% in 2″) | Reduction of Area (%) | Brinell Hardness | ||
| 4130 | G41300 | 80 | 56 | 28 | 57 | 149 |
| 4140 | G41400 | 150 | 90 | 20 | 45 | 285 |
| 4330 | G43300 | 125 | 100 | 15 | 30 | 250-325 |
| 4340 | G43400 | 110 | 66 | 23 | 49 | 197 |
